Science Chapter 3 Study Guide Test Thursday, November 17th

Science Chapter 3 Study Guide Test Thursday, November 17^th

1. organelle – one of several tiny structures within a cell
2. cell membrane – a flexible structure that protects and controls what goes in and out of the cell
3. cytoplasm – the jelly-like substance found inside the cell that contains organelles
4. cell wall – the rigid outer layer that protects and supports plant cells
5. DNA – the molecule that contains the genetic material of a cell
6. chromosome – a structure located in the nucleus that contains DNA
7. gene – a segment of DNA located on the chromosome that, among other things, controls specific traits
8. trait – a characteristic that can be passed on to an organism’s offspring
9. cell cycle – a series of events occurring during the life of a cell
10. interphase – the stage of cell growth occurring at the beginning of the cell cycle
11. mitosis – the stage of the cell cycle in which the cell’s nucleus divides in two
12. cytokinesis – the final stage of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides
13. mutation – a change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome
14. cancer – a disease caused by cells that go through uncontrolled cell division
15. The basic building blocks from which all living organisms are made are cells.
16. There are 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell.
17. The cell membrane protects and controls what moves in and out of the cells.
18. DNA contains all the genetic information about the cell.
19. While not all cells have a true nucleus, all cells must contain some form of DNA.
20. Traits are controlled by the genes.
21. The cell theory is all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of all organisms, and all cells come from other cells.
22. The stage where the nucleus divides in two is mitosis.
23. The stage the cell membrane of an animal looks as if it is being pinched in the middle is cytokinesis.
24. The stage that uses the most time for cell growth is interphase.
25. The three main stages of the cell cycle in order are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
26. Organisms inherit traits from their parents.
27. Traits are determined by genes, which are made of DNA.
28. DNA is made of tiny pieces that fit together in different patterns.
29. Each DNA pattern is code that gives the cell instructions for each unique trait. Since there are so many patterns for each trait, each organism is unique.
30. Cancer forms because sometimes the DNA in the cell gets damaged, causing mutation, which causes cells to function abnormally. The cells may begin to grow and divide too fast. Cancer forms when cells divide uncontrollably often forming tumors.
31. Cells can grow and divide into layers. The layers will eventually become tissues.

Some tissues will become organs, and the organs will be arranged into organ systems.

Animal Cells- Irregular shape                Plant Cells- Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Boxed shaped

Both animal cell and plant cells – cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromosomes, genes, DNA

32. mitochondria – power house of the cell
33. nucleus – controls the cell’s activities
34. vacuole – In animal cells, the vacuole can hold food for later use or for waste removal. In plant cells, the vacuole is used to maintain water balance.